{"id":56682,"date":"2022-10-30T19:52:42","date_gmt":"2022-10-30T18:52:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cecile-zakine.fr\/?page_id=56682"},"modified":"2025-02-01T23:44:45","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T22:44:45","slug":"droit-acces-eau-conference-zakine-2022","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cecile-zakine.fr\/zh\/droit-acces-eau-conference-zakine-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7528\u6c34\u6743\uff1a2022 \u5e74 11 \u6708\u4f1a\u8bae"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Me Zakine \u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae <\/strong><\/h1>\n

\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u6743\u4f1a\u8bae<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Me Zakine \u2013 \u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u963f\u8428\u65af\u5148\u8d24\u7960<\/strong><\/h1>\n

2022 \u5e74 11 \u6708\u3002<\/strong><\/h1>\n

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\u201c\u6c34\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u6c34\u624d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

3 \u6708 22 \u65e5\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u6c34\u65e5<\/p>\n

1\/ \u5e93\u5b58
\u2022 \u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u516d\u7684\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002
\u2022 \u81f3\u5c11\u67098.92 \u4ebf\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u9732\u5929\u6392\u4fbf\u3002
\u2022 80% \u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u73b0\u573a\u53d6\u6c34\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u548c\u5973\u7ae5\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d6\u6c34\u3002
\u2022 1990\u5e74\u81f32015\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6539\u826f\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6e90\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ece76%\u589e\u52a0\u523090%
\u2022 \u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc740% \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9884\u8ba1\u8fd8\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 17 \u4ebf\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u53ef\u7528\u91cf\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u6d41\u57df
\u2022 24 \u4ebf\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5395\u6240\u6216\u5395\u6240\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd
\u2022 \u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e9f\u6c34\u8d85\u8fc780%\u6392\u5165\u6cb3\u6d41\u6216\u6d77\u6d0b\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u6cbb\u7406
\u2022 \u6bcf\u5929\u6709 1,000 \u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u6b7b\u4e8e\u4e0d\u826f\u73af\u5883\u536b\u751f\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u536b\u751f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u53ef\u9884\u9632\u75be\u75c5
\u2022 \u4ece\u6cb3\u6d41\u3001\u6e56\u6cca\u548c\u542b\u6c34\u5c42\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6c34\u4e2d\u7ea6\u6709 70% \u7528\u4e8e\u704c\u6e89
\u2022 \u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u9020\u6210\u7684\u707e\u5bb3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u4e2d\u6709 70% \u56e0\u6d2a\u6c34\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6c34\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5c3d\u3001\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7aed\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a\u96f6\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53ef\u7528\u6c34\uff08\u8fd1 98 %\uff09\u4e0d\u80fd\u7acb\u5373\u6d88\u8017\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u704c\u6e89\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u76d0\u542b\u91cf\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ee5\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c34\u5e93\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8865\u5145\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\uff09\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u4e8e\u662f\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6743\u3001\u5c0a\u4e25\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6c34\u6743\u3002
\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u65e0\u7406\u62d2\u7edd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f9b\u6c34\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6c34\u4ef7\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u4e0a\u6da8\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4fb5\u72af\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\u548c\u6c34\u6743\u3002
\u6c34\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a
\u2013 \u81ea\u7136\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1b
\u2013 \u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u519c\u6751\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5dee\u5f02\uff1b
\u2013 \u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7ed9\u6c34\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u5171\u4eab\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5177\u6709\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u5b9a\u7acb\u6cd5\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a 40% \u4eba\u53e3\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\uff1a\u5e72\u65f1\u3001\u6d2a\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u505c\u6b62\u7834\u574f\u6c34\u9053\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u53d6\u6c34\uff1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u52a8\u5458\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u521b\u610f\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u8d44\u91d1\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c34\u536b\u751f<\/p>\n

\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4f7f\u5f97\u83b7\u5f97\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002
\uf0ae \u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\uf0ae \u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6c34\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u536b\u751f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

2\/ \u7684\u6f14\u53d8 \u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\uff1a\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u6c34\u6cd5\u5230\u6c34\u83b7\u53d6\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5<\/a> \u73af\u5883\u6c34<\/p>\n

20 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u6db5\u76d6\u822a\u884c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1923 \u5e74\u300a\u82e5\u5e72\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u529b\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca 1997 \u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u6c34\u9053\u7528\u4e8e\u822a\u884c\u4ee5\u5916\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u6c34\u529b\u53d1\u7535\u548c\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u68f1\u955c\u662f\u8de8\u754c\u6c34\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u571f\u9650\u5236\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3b\u6743\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6c34\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u5355\u8fb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9886\u571f\u5c5e\u6027\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u6c34\u6cd5\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c \uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u6de1\u6c34\u7a00\u7f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u56fd\u9645\u89c4\u5219\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n

\uf0de \u5c06\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u7eb3\u5165\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u59cb\u4e8e 1972 \u5e74\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u6700\u7ec8\u5ba3\u8a00\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\uf0de \u7684 \u73af\u5883\u6c34\u7ba1\u7406\u4f34\u968f<\/a> \u6c34\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\uff1a\u6c34\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u786e\u4fdd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

3\/ \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u6c34\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff1f<\/p>\n

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1\/ \u4fc3\u6210\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u6743\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u4eba\u6743\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6587\u672c<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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<\/a><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u8bf7\u968f\u610f\u963b\u6b62\u6211\u5728\u7ebf\u9884\u7ea6\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8054\u7cfb\u60a8<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_comments _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_comments][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||11px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.1″ text_font=\u00a0\u00bbPoppins||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb18px\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.8em\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_phone=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb max_width_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|desktop\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb1px|||||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb6px||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbABeeZee\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Ma\u00eetre Zakine \u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6cd5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u3001\u8bb2\u5e08\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u73af\u5883\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/h3>\n

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<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

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[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.19.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.19.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.19.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″ sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0″][ez-toc][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16.1″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.1″ text_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000″ text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb18px\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.8em\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_phone=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb max_width_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|desktop\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

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A. \u6c34\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u67d0\u79cd\u5730\u4f4d\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u2013 \u6b27\u6d32\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u90e8\u957f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e8e 2001 \u5e74 10 \u6708 17 \u65e5\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86 1968 \u5e74\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u6c34\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6c34\u662f\u5171\u540c\u9057\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u6c34\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c \u6b63\u786e\u7684<\/a> \u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u7ec4\u7ec7\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u2013 2005 \u5e74\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u6e56\u5730\u533a\u6c34\u5927\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u6e56\u5730\u533a\u6c34\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u4e5f\u5c06\u6c34\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\uf0ae \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5584\u7684\u6982\u5ff5 \u516c\u5171\u548c\u5168\u7403\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76f8\u5173<\/a> \u4eba\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u6cd5\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u6c34\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u540c\u9057\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n

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20 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u53cc\u8fb9\u516c\u7ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u9650\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u5021\u540c\u65f6\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5730\u7528\u6c34\uff0c\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7981\u6b62\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6cbf\u5cb8\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u7b2c714\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6240\u5171\u540c\u3002\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eab\u53d7\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8428\u7f2a\u5c14\u68ee\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 50 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\u4e8e 18 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u65af\u5bc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e8\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u3002 \u201c\u81ea\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u80dc\u8fc7\u201c\u5546\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u542b\u4e49\uff1b\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u6cd5\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u63d0\u53ca\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e60\u60ef\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5c1a\u672a\u5efa\u7acb\u786e\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u4ea7\u6784\u6210\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6c34\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5206\u914d\u548c\u51c0\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5386\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u5171\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6cb3\u6d41\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7531\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u548c\u6e56\u6cca\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8d4b\u4e88\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u201c\u516c\u5171\u201d\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u4e0e\u6c34\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6210\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5747\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u975e\u6b67\u89c6\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u7ec7\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e9f\u7269\u548c\u96e8\u6c34\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u662f\u5404\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5e02\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u7535\u529b\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u79c1\u4eba\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u6216\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7535\u529b\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u79c1\u4eba\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\uff09<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6c34\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\uff1f<\/h4>\n

\u6c34\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u5360\u6709\uff08\u6c34\u5c5e\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u914d\uff09\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u5360\u6709\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u7ecf\u4ed6\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6216\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u6d8c\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u8868\u6c34\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0b\uff09\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u5bf9\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u62e8\u6b3e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u751a\u81f3\u5224\u4f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\u539f\u6c34\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u751a\u81f3\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002
\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u56e0\u4eab\u7528\u4e95\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u996e\u6599\u7684\u6743\u5229\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u72af\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u7cbe\u795e\u635f\u5bb3\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u6b27\u6d32\u6cd5\u9662\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u6743\uff0cZander \u8bc9\u745e\u5178\u5224\u51b3\uff0c1993 \u5e74 11 \u6708 25 \u65e5\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u53f7 14282\/88\uff0c\u7b2c 27 \u6bb5\u3002\uff09
\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u5373\u6c34\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u5728\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\uff0c2000 \u5e74 4 \u6708\u53d1\u751f\u53db\u4e71\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53d6\u6d88\u5c06\u76d6\u4e18\u4e9a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u79d1\u6070\u73ed\u5df4\u4e00\u5bb6\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff08\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fe1\u4f7f\uff0c2000 \u5e74 12 \u6708\uff09\u3002
\u6c34\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u4fb5\u5360\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u3002
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\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u7528\u6c34\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8d85\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u3002
\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u8005\u6536\u53d6\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u516c\u6b63\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u7b49\uff09\u3002
\u6c34\u7684\u201c\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u6c34\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u6700\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u7684\u7528\u9014\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\u3002
\u6c34\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u529b\u652f\u4ed8\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u3002
\u53ea\u6709\u6ee1\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u8003\u8651\u51fa\u552e\u6c34\u6743\u3002
\u5546\u4e1a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u6c34\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\uf0de \u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c34\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u6c34\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u79c1\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\uff1a\u8d70\u5411\u6c34\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5316\uff1f<\/h4>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u6c34\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u907f\u514d\u6d6a\u8d39\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c34\u7684\u201c\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u201d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u589e\u957f\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\uf0de \u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u6cd5\u80fd\u5426\u548c\u8c10\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1f<\/p>\n

\uf0de \u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff09\u5229\u76ca\u80fd\u5426\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u7684 1992 \u5e74\u300a\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u300a\u6c34\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u300b\uff081999 \u5e74\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6c34\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u4ee5\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u4e14\u6700\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002 \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u2022 2017 \u5e74 3 \u6708\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u6c34\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u5341\u5e74\uff082018-2028\uff09\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\uff08\u4eba\u6743\uff09\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u786e\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5185\u5728\u76ee\u6807\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\uf0de \u6c34\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u632a\u7528\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5546\u54c1\u5316\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u7269\u54c1\u201d\u76f8\u5173\uff1a\u74f6\u88c5\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u5e76\u672a\u8d4b\u4e88\u6c34\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5176\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u627f\u8ba4\u6c34\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4e66\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u91c7\u53d6\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c1992 \u5e74 1 \u6708\u300a\u4ece\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u90fd\u67cf\u6797\u6c34\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u7684\u539f\u5219 4 \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u6c34\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5546\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u578b\u8c03\u6c34\u5de5\u7a0b\uff1a\u6c34\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c6\u4e3a\u5546\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5b97\u8f93\u6c34\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u56fd\u9645\u5927\u5b97\u8c03\u6c34\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u56fd\u5927\u91cf\u53d6\u6c34\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u6cb3\u6216\u7ba1\u9053\u6539\u9053\u5c06\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u7269\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53c8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6d77\u4e0a\u5927\u5b97\u8c03\u6c34\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u9645\u8f6c\u79fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a\u6d89\u53ca\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5dde\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u6216\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4ef7\u683c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\u5bf9\u6c34\u7684\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e 1993 \u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff1a\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5929\u7136\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u5229\u3002 [\u2026]\u6e56\u6cca\u3001\u6cb3\u6d41\u3001\u6c34\u5e93\u3001\u542b\u6c34\u5c42\u3001\u6d41\u57df\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c34\u3002\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u5c06\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u4e1a\u534f\u8bae\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002
\uff08\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u5e9c\u5173\u4e8e\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5317\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u5b9a\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c1993 \u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6c34\u4e5f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e16\u8d38\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u53ca\u8d38\u6613\u603b\u534f\u5b9a\uff08GATT\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8d38\u6613\u603b\u534f\u5b9a\uff08GATS\uff09\u5c06\u56e0\u6b64\u9002\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u6c34\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002
\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5927\u91cf\u6c34\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002
\u4ea4\u6362\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee5\u5dde\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6c34\u4ef7\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c06\u6c34\u7eb3\u5165\u4e16\u8d38\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d38\u6613\u4f53\u5236\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5207\u5165\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u73af\u5883\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u201d\uff1a\u6210\u5458\u4eec\u63d0\u8bae\u5c06\u6c34\u670d\u52a1\u7eb3\u5165\u540e\u8005\u3002
\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u666e\u904d\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002
GATS \u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u8fd8\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u6210\u5458\u6709\u6743\u76d1\u7ba1\u5176\u9886\u571f\u5185\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u3002
\uf0de \u7559\u7ed9\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u56de\u65cb\u4f59\u5730\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u5b83\u4eec\u7b7e\u7f72\u56fd\u9645\u6563\u88c5\u8c03\u6c34\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\uf0de \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff1a
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2000 \u5e74\u6846\u67b6\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c34\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u54c1\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u634d\u536b\u548c\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u201d\u3002
2008\u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u6c34\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u201d\u3002
1992\u5e74\u300a\u4ece\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u90fd\u67cf\u6797\u6c34\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c34\u5177\u6709\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u201c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5546\u54c1\u201d\uff1b\u4f46\u6587\u672c\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u627f\u8ba4\u83b7\u5f97\u5b89\u5168\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u536b\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u201d\u3002
\uf0de \u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08\u91cc\u7ea6\uff0c1992 \u5e74\uff09\u5141\u8bb8\u5404\u56fd\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u6216\u533a\u57df\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5546\u54c1\uff1a\u201c\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7efc\u5408\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u6c34\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\uf0de \u5f53\u524d\u4e0e\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5371\u673a\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

B. \u6c34\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u73af\u5883<\/h3>\n

\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff1a\u83b7\u5f97\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u6709\u6548\u624b\u6bb5<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\uff1a\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u534f\u8c03<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6c34\u548c\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d88\u8d39\u6c34 (EDCH) \u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6307\u4ee4 98\/83\/EC \u662f\u6b27\u76df\u5883\u5185\u4fdd\u8bc1 EDCH \u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u6e05\u6d01\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u514d\u53d7 EDCH \u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

2020\u5e7412\u670823\u65e5\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u65b0\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u6539\u5584\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff08\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6307\u4ee4\u7b2c 16 \u6761\uff09
\u57fa\u4e8e TFEU \u7b2c 192 \u6761\u7b2c 1 \u6b3e\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8be5\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6c34\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u8be5\u6761\u6b3e\u53c2\u8003\u4e86 TFEU \u7b2c 191 \u6761\uff1a
"1. \u8054\u76df\u5728\u73af\u5883\u9886\u57df\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5e94\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u76ee\u6807\uff1a
\u2013 \u7ef4\u6301\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u6539\u5584\u73af\u5883\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c
\u2013 \u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c
\u2013 \u8c28\u614e\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e8c.\u4ece\u5bf9\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u5230\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u7528<\/h2>\n

\u5148\u524d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6c34 \u83b7\u53d6\u6c34\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u5417\uff1f
1\/ \u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002
\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6c47\u96c6\u7406\u6027\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u672c\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002
\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u8303\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e00\u53ef\u53cd\u5bf9\u6027\u672f\u8bed\u6307\u7684\u662f \u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u6743\u5229<\/a> \uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u56de\u5230 II B \u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e3b\u5f20\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a \u4eab\u6709\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6743\u5229\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/a> \u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6c34\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

A. \u2026\u2026\u7684\u6743\u5229\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u627f\u8ba4\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n

1. \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6<\/h4>\n

\u6c34\u6743\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u6743\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u533a\u57df\u6761\u7ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6216\u660e\u6216\u6697\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u627f\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

1.1.\u6b27\u6d32\u6846\u67b6<\/h4>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d88\u8d39\u6c34 (EDCH) \u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u4ee4 98\/83\/EC \u662f\u6b27\u76df\u5883\u5185\u4fdd\u8bc1 EDCH \u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u6e05\u6d01\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u514d\u53d7 EDCH \u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u7684\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6307\u4ee4\u4e8e2020\u5e7412\u670823\u65e5\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u5b98\u65b9\u516c\u62a5\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\uff1a\u6539\u5584\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff08\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6307\u4ee4\u7b2c16\u6761\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u8fd8\u54cd\u5e94\u6b27\u6d32\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u5b9a\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u4f9b\u5e94\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u5e7f\u516c\u5171\u573a\u6240\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u534f\u8c03<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u9645\u6c34\u83b7\u53d6\u6cd5\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff1a
\u5dde
\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/p>\n

1.2.\u56fd\u9645\u6846\u67b6<\/h4>\n

\u8054\u5408\u56fd\uff1a\u89c4\u8303\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528
\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u4e8e 2010 \u5e74 7 \u6708 28 \u65e5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c 64\/292 \u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u8d28\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4eba\u6743\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u83b7\u5f97\u5b89\u5168\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6743\u5229\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5145\u5206\u4eab\u53d7\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u884c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6743\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6e90\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u6743\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5b83\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6837\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u8fd9\u9879\u4e0d\u53ef\u514b\u51cf\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6743\u5229\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5176\u6709\u6548\u9002\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u5065\u5eb7\u6743\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u6743\u5229\u7684\u9002\u7528\u548c\u884c\u4f7f\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u6743\u5229\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6743\u5229\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08CESCR\uff09\u5df2\u4e8e2002\u5e74\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u660e\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u4eba\u6743\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u83b7\u5f97\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u6743\u76842008\u5e743\u670828\u65e5\u7b2c7\/22\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\u548c2009\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5\u7b2c12\/8\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5173\u4e8e\u6c34\u6743\u7684\u7b2c 15 \u53f7\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u610f\u89c1\uff082002 \u5e74\uff09\uff08\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c 11 \u6761\u5173\u4e8e\u9002\u8db3\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u51c6\u6743\u548c\u7b2c 12 \u6761\u5173\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7\u6743\uff09\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\uff09\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u4e8b\u52a1\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u5458\u5173\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u6743\u6587\u4e66\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u83b7\u5f97\u5b89\u5168\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u6709\u5173\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u6743\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e0e\u83b7\u5f97\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u4e49\u52a1\u95ee\u9898\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u81ea 1977 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u591a\u9879\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u5ba3\u8a00\u90fd\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u6c34\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u300a\u90fd\u67cf\u6797\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff081992 \u5e74\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u627f\u8ba4\u4ee5\u53ef\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u83b7\u5f97\u5b89\u5168\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u5145\u8db3\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u300a21 \u4e16\u7eaa\u6c34\u5b89\u5168\u6d77\u7259\u90e8\u957f\u7ea7\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u83b7\u5f97\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u996e\u7528\u6c34\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e0a\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u798f\u7949\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90e8\u957f\u4eec\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u8003\u8651\u201c\u7a77\u4eba\u548c\u6700\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u6743\u5229\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u6848\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u786e\u4fdd\u201c\u5fc5\u8981\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6743\u4ee5\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6c34\u91cf\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u751f\u547d\u6743<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u6743<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u536b\u751f\u6743\u5229<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u4e0e\u8d2b\u56f0\u4f5c\u6597\u4e89<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u53c2\u4e0e\u6743\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6743\uff1a\u300a\u963f\u9c81\u65af\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\uff1a\u6c34\u6743\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u53c2\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u673a\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u5171\u5f53\u5c40\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6709\u5173\u6c34\u3001\u4f9b\u6c34\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u5e94\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u5371\u673a<\/p>\n

1977 \u5e74\u5728\u9a6c\u5fb7\u666e\u62c9\u5854\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6c34\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\u9996\u6b21\u660e\u786e\u627f\u8ba4\u6c34\u6743\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u5982\u4f55\u201d\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u6743\u83b7\u5f97\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u3002 \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u51b3\u8bae\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff1a\u7b2c 25 \u6761<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b
\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\uff08ICCPR\uff09\u7b2c\u516d\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u6743\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u300a\u6d88\u9664\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4f1a\u8bae\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u91cc\u7ea6\u70ed\u5185\u5362\uff0c1992 \u5e74 6 \u6708 3-14 \u65e5\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f4f\u533a\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08\u4eba\u5c45\u4e8c\uff09\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\uff0c1996 \u5e74 6 \u6708 3 \u65e5\u81f3 14 \u65e5<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6c34\u4f1a\u8bae\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u9a6c\u5fb7\u666e\u62c9\u5854\uff0c1977 \u5e74 3 \u6708 14-25 \u65e5<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4f1a\u8bae\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u91cc\u7ea6\u70ed\u5185\u5362\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u300a\u6d88\u9664\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u6b67\u89c6\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\uff1a\u7f14\u7ea6\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5987\u5973\u6709\u6743\u201c\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u7535\u529b\u548c\u4f9b\u6c34\u65b9\u9762\u201d\uff08\u7b2c 1 \u6761\uff09 14\uff0c\u7b2c 2 \u6bb5\uff09<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u300a\u513f\u7ae5\u6743\u5229\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\uff1a\u7f14\u7ea6\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8425\u517b\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u5371\u9669\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u201d\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\uff08\u7b2c 24 \u6761\u7b2c 2 \u6b3e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u300a\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u516c\u7ea6\u300b<\/p>\n

\u2013 1949 \u5e74 8 \u6708 12 \u65e5\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6218\u65f6\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u516c\u7ea6\u300b<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u5728\u300a\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u6709\u5173\u5987\u5973\u6743\u5229\u7684\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u627f\u8bfa\u786e\u4fdd\u5987\u5973\u83b7\u5f97\u996e\u7528\u6c34\uff08\u7b2c 15 \u6761\uff09\u5e76\u89c4\u8303\u5bb6\u5ead\u5e9f\u7269\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u50a8\u5b58\u548c\u5904\u7f6e\uff08\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u6761\uff09\u3002\u5728\u300a\u975e\u6d32\u513f\u7ae5\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u798f\u5229\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u627f\u8bfa\u91c7\u53d6\u5fc5\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5411\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u996e\u7528\u6c34\uff08\u7b2c14\u6761\u7b2c2\u6b3e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u6c34\u6743\u5c31\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u201c\u6c34\u6743\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u5b9e\u9645\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u4e14\u4ef7\u683c\u53ef\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\u6c34\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

2002\u5e74\uff0c\u76d1\u7763\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u5b9e\u65bd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08CODESC\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7b2c15\u53f7\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6c34\u6743\u548c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7b2c 15 \u53f7\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u610f\u89c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u627f\u8ba4\u6c34\u6743\u662f\u53d7\u300a\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u6c34\u6743\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fc7\u4e0a\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

2002 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6de1\u6c34\u5e74\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u76d1\u7763\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u5b9e\u65bd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7b2c 15 \u53f7\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6c34\u6743\u548c\u6c34\u6743\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u968f\u540e\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6c34\u6743\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u6027\uff1a\u6c34\u6743\u662f\u201c\u4ee5\u53ef\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u83b7\u5f97\u5145\u8db3\u4f9b\u5e94\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u8d28\u91cf\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6c34\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u9700\u6c42\u201d\u3002\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7528\u9014\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u786e\u4fdd\u83b7\u5f97\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u548c \u79c1\u751f\u6d3b<\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u4f9b\u5e94\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u83b7\u5f97\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u6c34\u536b\u751f\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64 \uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u610f\u89c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u6743\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u9662\u5c06\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5728\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u4e2d\u91c7\u7eb3\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff081949 \u5e74 4 \u6708 9 \u65e5\u7684\u79d1\u5b5a\u6d77\u5ce1\u6848\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u8bc9\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4e3b\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u9662\u5e76\u672a\u8d4b\u4e88\u6c34\u6743\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u73af\u5883\u4eba\u6743\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63d0\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7b7e\u7f72\u56fd\u89c4\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5f00\u653e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u89c2\u6743\u5229\uff08\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c 10 \u6761\u7b2c 1 \u6761\u548c\u7b2c 2 \u6761\uff09\u56fd\u9645\u6c34\u9053\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

2017 \u5e74 3 \u6708\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u6c34\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u5341\u5e74\uff082018-2028\uff09\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

2030\u5e74\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff1f<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u6848\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u7684\u6743\u5229\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6743\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u627f\u8ba4\uff1f<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u5c06\u5176\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a \u6b63\u786e\u7684<\/a> \u56fd\u9645\u83b7\u53d6\u6c34\u6743\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u6587\u672c\u662f\u5426\u6846\u67b6\u5e76\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u6743\u5229\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u56fd\u9645\u83b7\u53d6\u6c34\u6743\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9886\u57df\u6709\u6548\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u9002\u7528\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

B. \u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u7528<\/h3>\n

\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u575a\u6301\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u6beb\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5141\u8bb8\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u5171\u5b58\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u4e3b\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u6743\u5229\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\uff1f<\/p>\n

\uf0de \u56fd\u9645\u7528\u6c34\u6743\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u6cbb\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u5177\u4f53\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898 \uff1a<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003 IA) 4\u00b0 \u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u56fd\u9645\u7528\u6c34\u6743\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u7528\uff1f<\/p>\n

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\u6c34\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5904\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u903b\u8f91\u4e4b\u5916\uff1f<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5c0a\u91cd\u6c34\u6743\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u610f\u5473\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5f97\u5e72\u9884\u6c34\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\uff1a\u6d88\u6781\u4e49\u52a1<\/p>\n

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\u79ef\u6781\u4e49\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u7981\u6b62\u6b67\u89c6\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53d7\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u5987\u5973\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u3001\u504f\u8fdc\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u3001\u96be\u6c11\u3001\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u8005\u7b49\u5e73\u7b49\u83b7\u5f97\u7528\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5730\u57df\u4e49\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6743\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6c34\u6743\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u57df\u5916\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0a\u91cd\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4f7f\u6c34\u6743\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u9632\u6b62\u672c\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u6216\u5176\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e0b\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u4fb5\u72af\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6c34\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6c34\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u65f6\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u89e3\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u6c34\u6210\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u7269\u54c1<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6c34\u83b7\u5f97\u79c1\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c34\u4ecd\u7136\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56fd\u9645\u7528\u6c34\u6743\u80fd\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ece\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e0\u4e3b\u7269\uff08res nullius\uff09\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\uff08\u5373\u5360\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u7528\u6c34\u6743\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u5c06\u505c\u7559\u5728\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5317\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u5b9a\uff1a\u4e86\u89e3\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5c06\u5176\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cbb\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08WTO\uff09\u548c\u5317\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u5b9a\uff08NAFTA\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5408\u7406\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6c34\u7ba1\u7406\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u6c34\u7eb3\u5165\u5546\u4e1a\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u635f\u5bb3\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u201c\u5854\u6069\u6cb3\u7684\u6c34\u6218\u201d\uff1aSlaveta\u6c34\u54c1\u724c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8fbe\u80fd\u60f3\u8981\u5f00\u91c7\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\uff1a\u519c\u6c11\u62c5\u5fc3\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u6c34\u6e90<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u5382\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6743\u62bd\u53d6\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u6743\u5f00\u91c7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c34\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8fdd\u80cc\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u516c\u5171\u4f9b\u6c34\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b54\u6848<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u6c34\u7ba1\u7406\u5fc5\u987b\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u79c1\u6709\u5316<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c \uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6c34\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u8df5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f80\u5f80\u4f18\u4e8e\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6587\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8c03\u6c34\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u79ef\u6781\u4e49\u52a1\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u5fc5\u987b\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u6307\u8054\u5408\u56fd2010\u5e74\u51b3\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u547c\u5401\u5404\u56fd\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645\u63f4\u52a9\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d22\u653f\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u6280\u672f\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u7d27\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u548c\u8d1f\u62c5\u5f97\u8d77\u7684\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5168\u90e8\u3002 \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u503a\u52a1\u6743\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff1a\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8f6c\u5411\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u73af\u5883\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c 210-1 \u6761\uff1a\u65e8\u5728\u6709\u6548\u843d\u5b9e\u6c34\u6743\u7684\u62df\u8bae\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c1a\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\uf0de \u83b7\u5f97\u4f9b\u5e94\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u503a\u52a1\u6743\u5229\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f9b\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7531\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u548c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b67\u89c6\u5730\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\uff1a\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6743\u5229\u5ba3\u79f0<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u516c\u5171\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u4fdd\u62a4\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\u627f\u62c5\u591a\u9879\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u83b7\u5f97\u996e\u7528\u6c34\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5265\u593a\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

\u666e\u904d\u516c\u5171\u4f9b\u6c34\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u4f9b\u6c34\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u79df\u8d41\u3001\u7279\u8bb8\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u5f53\u5c40\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u4f9b\u6c34\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u7528\u6c34\u6743\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u68c0\u67e5\u6c34\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u536b\u751f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3001\u77ed\u7f3a\u65f6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3001\u7528\u6237\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u878d\u8d44\u3001\u6269\u5efa\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u544a\u77e5\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u57f9\u517b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6d6a\u8d39\u6c34\u7684\u613f\u671b\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5404\u56fd\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
\u2013 \u6539\u5584\u4f18\u8d28\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94
\u2013 \u4fdd\u62a4\u6c34\u4e95\u548c\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6e90\uff1b \u2013 \u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u96c6\u6c34\u533a\uff1b
\u2013 \u9632\u6b62\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u67af\u7aed\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u4fdd\u62a4\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6c34\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u8d28\u91cf\uff1b \u2013 \u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff1b
\u2013 \u6269\u5927\u914d\u9001\u548c\u536b\u751f\u7f51\u7edc\uff1b
\u2013 \u5b89\u88c5\u516c\u5171\u4f9b\u6c34\u70b9\u3001\u516c\u5171\u6c34\u4e95\u548c\u516c\u5171\u55b7\u6cc9\u3001\u516c\u5171\u76e5\u6d17\u5ba4\u548c\u514d\u8d39\u536b\u751f\u4fdd\u5065\u533a
\u2013 \u516c\u5171\u573a\u6240\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6c34\u9f99\u5934\uff1b\u6d74\u7f38\/\u6dcb\u6d74
\u2013 \u72ec\u7acb\u4f9b\u6c34\u3001\u6c34\u51c0\u5316\u3001\u6c34\u518d\u5229\u7528\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b
\u2013 \u5404\u4e2a\u6c34\u7bb1\u7684\u914d\u6c34\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u95f4\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b
\u2013 \u63a8\u5e7f\u5ec9\u4ef7\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c34\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\uff1b
\u2013 \u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u9002\u5408\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u65b0\u4f9b\u5e94\u548c\u536b\u751f\u6280\u672f\uff1b
\u2013 \u96e8\u6c34\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5229\u7528\uff1b
\u2013 \u4e2a\u4eba\u536b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b \u2013 \u53d1\u751f\u77ed\u7f3a\u6216\u707e\u5bb3\u65f6\u7684\u7d27\u6025\u4f9b\u5e94\u548c\u4e92\u52a9\uff1b
\u2013 \u56e0\u8d2b\u56f0\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7f34\u8d39\u65f6\u7684\u7d27\u6025\u4f9b\u7535\uff1b
\u2013 \u51cf\u5c11\u6c34\u635f\u5931\u548c\u6d6a\u8d39
\u2013 \u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1b \u2013 \u5bf9\u6297\u8054\u7cfb
\u2013 \u6d41\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u5668\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5207\u5272\u3002
\u2013 \u4fee\u590d\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5ec9\u79df\u4f4f\u623f\uff1b
\u2013 \u5b89\u88c5\u8282\u6c34\u5668\u548c\u6d88\u8017\u8f83\u5c11\u6c34\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff1b
\u2013 \u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6d6a\u8d39\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u6c34\u652f\u51fa\u3002
\u2013 \u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u9632\u6b62\u6cc4\u5bc6\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u7981\u6b62\u8fc7\u9ad8\u6c34\u4ef7\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u516c\u5171\u6216\u79c1\u4eba\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u536b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n

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