Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a summons and a petition?
A summons is a bailiff's act that initiates contentious proceedings (dispute) and must be served on the opposing party. A petition is a written request addressed to the judge, without a bailiff, used for non-contentious or urgent procedures (e.g., guardianship, interim measures).
What are the deadlines to serve a summons?
The summons must be served at least 15 days before the hearing (including distance time). For urgent procedures (interim proceedings), the deadline may be reduced to a few days. Respect the deadlines under penalty of inadmissibility.
Can I write a court application myself?
Yes, you can draft a simple request without a lawyer for certain procedures (e.g., injunction to pay). However, for complex matters, it is advisable to consult a lawyer to avoid errors of form or substance.
How much does a summons or a petition cost?
A summons costs approximately 150 to 300 euros (bailiff fees) plus lawyer's fees if you have one. A petition can be free if you draft it yourself, but lawyer's fees vary (200 to 500 euros for a simple petition).
What to do if I receive a summons?
Do not ignore it. Consult a lawyer quickly to prepare your defense. You must appear at the hearing or appoint a lawyer depending on the procedure. If you do not respond, the court may rule by default and condemn you.
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